1. Acute lung injury (e.g., ARDS, RDS)
2. Acute pulmonary embolus
3. Acute respiratory failure
4. Acute respiratory infections (e.g., acute
pneumonia, bronchiolitis)
5. Air leak syndromes (e.g., pneumothorax,
pneumopericardium)
6. Aspirations (e.g., aspiration pneumonia,
foreign body)
7. COPD, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
8. Pulmonary hypertension
9. Status asthmaticus
10. Thoracic surgery
11. Thoracic trauma (e.g., fractured ribs, lung
contusions, tracheal perforation